Causes and Consequences of World War I Essay

teaching in inevitability of fight and advocacy of state of war to become overbearing major cause for WW1. 5. Anglo-German naval contention Britain was supreme at sea and was c signenged by germany. Britain couldnt use up this. The rivalry culminated in WW1. 6. Absence of extracurricular(a) organisation Concert of europe was informal group of demesnes aftr na poleans defeat still couldnt find its member and didnt represent the entire let off domain. The system of pacific personatetlement of outside(a) disputes set up by the hague conference was unsatisfactory.And couldnt contain imperial rivalries. 7. Negative role of the evoke in creating war psychology despite attempts of governments to normalise their relations. 8. Autrian and serbian rivalry Austria-hungary wanted admission charge to sea at the cost of slav territories and serbia be slav nationalism. The two had contradictory aims. This led to a conflict of pursual and was encouraged by the russian czar as we ll twist grounds for war. 9. Personal ambitions of leader. Kaiser william II of germany, austra-hungary, russian leaders(czar and his wife). 10.The Sarajevo incident Annexation of bosnia-herzegovina by austria in 1908, 2 balkan wars, italian annexation of tripolo ,moroccan crisis along with the japanese nemesis to stop in the background, the assassination of the crown price of austria-hungary, archduke franze ferdinand with his wife in sarajevo june,1914 was a direct cause for WW1. Consequences The results of the great war were almost as numerous as its causes. By the end of the world war in 1918, american president woodrow wilson proposed peace and made a statement of war aims in his famous 14 points 1.Open bargain of peace,openly arrived at and abolishment of secret diplomacy 2. Absolute take overdom of navigation at sea, outside territorial waters in peace and war except by international action. 3. Removal of eco barriers and establishment of equal trade conditions 4. Reduc tion in national armaments to the point totally if needed for domestic security 5. Free,open minded(p) and im break a tellial adjustment of all colonial claims 6. voidance of all russia stain and allowing its to politically develop in acc with her own national policy 7. Evacuation and restoration of Belgium 8.Same for france and return of alsace and Lorraine to it. 9. Readjustment of italian frontiers along imbibe line of nationality 10. Freest opportunity of autonomous devt for people of austria-hungary 11. Evacuation and restoration of romania,serbia and montenegro and free access to sea for serbia 12. Autonomous devt of the non turkish possessions of the sultan 13. Resurrection of independent polan with access to sea. 14. Formation of a general association of nations for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of pol independence and territorial integrity to small n great alike.These were received but not followed by the european nations of the peace conference and were after rejected by the american senate after woodrow wilson lost his popularity and presented them befre the senate. Paris peace conference Fightin in WW1 ended with complete surrender of germany in nov,1918. Representatives of assort and associated powers assembled at paris on 18 jan 1919 to draw a bracing map of europe and the world. Selection of paris as venue miserable decision. It was done to take revenge from germany for the french humiliation at the hall of mirrors in versailles aftr the french defeat in the franco-prussian war.The conference was a victors unify as none of the leaders of the defeated countries attended it as they were allowed no say in the conference. The conference was dominated by 4 leaders- woodrow wilson, PM lloyd george of britain, PM of france george celemnceau, italian PM vittorio orlando. It was at this conference that the treaty of Versailles was signed, officially ending WW1 on 28th july 1919. Provisions of treaty of versailles 1. Territorial nourishment territorial changes in respect of germany. alsace and lorraine returned to france eupene,malmady and mernet given to belgium east germany given to posen split of west prussia and silesia to poland. Poland given access to to sea at the cost of german by way of corridor in west prussia. port memel and hinterland taken away but fate undecided. Later given to lithuania. coal tap area of saar demanded by france by nt given to france. Only under unorthodox control of france. Aftr 15 years- plebiscite conducted whether saar wants to go to germany, france or remain with league of nations Ausrtia-hungary low up into small states. New austria small ger speaking landlocked state. collectable to fears of france, germany and austria prevented from uniting without permission of league of nations of which france was permanent member. small german grunge also given to czechoslovakia. germany also lost all colonies which were taken up by other powers of league of nations. 2. Econ omic provisions of kettle of fish. War indemnity cudnt be oblige on germany because a)cost of war borne by consort inconceivable to return for germany b)woodrow wilson against war indemnity since war cost werent only borne by allies but also by defeated powers. so allies demanded compensation for indiscriminate bombing and loss of lives at the pass on of germany no payable step was fixed. A reparation bang set up to determine the extent of civilian losses keeping in mind germanys capacity to pay back. germany was to gives horses and cattle to france n belgium and coal to france,belgium n italy. It was to surrender it submarine telegraph cables to allies and surrender all merchant ships more than 1600 tonnes. default on part of germany was punishable by allies customs union between Luxembourg and germany abolished to end german control over luxembourg economy. repartion commission submitted its report in april 1921 and total amount payable by germany was 6,600,000,000 pounds. germany ws to giv trade facilities of certain commodities to allies. Acces to sea to Czechoslovakia and Switzerland. german rivers and television channel internationalised. 3. Disarmament principle of reduction of arms incorporated in covenant of league. But it was not followed by allied powers. There were severe disarmament provisions for germany that made her a soldiery cripple army control to 100,000 troops and 4000 officers.Recruitment only voluntarily. navy limited to 6 competitiveness ships,6 light cruisers,12 destroyers and 12 torpedo boats. No submarines. Strength of navy only 15000 men and 1500 officers. War ships in excess were to be dismantled. debarred from having an air storm and naval aircrafts. german general staff abolished. Allied control commission set up to supervise enforce of these clauses. Set up ws to be funded by germany again. 4. War and guilt crimes germany declared solely responsible for war by article 231 of treaty. german emporer kaiser william II was found guilty of irreverence of treaties and international law. He sought asylum in netherlands who refused to hand him over to allies for a trial. german people could never accept that their republic alone was responsible for the war. 5. Provisions regarding international organisation 1st part of treaty provided for the establishment of a world organisation to be cognise as league of nations. Its constitution,called covenant, was adopted at the paris conference and include all peace treaties. It was to consist of an assembly,council and secretariat. A permanent court of international justice and international labour organisation was to be set up. These bodies were meant to adjudge peace,settle international disputes peacefully,punish countries who may break the covenant and improve social and economical life all over the world. The guarantees of the enforcement of the treat were written in part XIV according to which until successful execution of the treaty the entire Rh ineland(west of rhine with bridgeheads) would be occupied by allied powers.Germany was ultimately minify from a world power to an insignificant small power. She was forced to give up monarchy and accept democracy which was something the country wasnt prepared for. The treaty was so humbling that the german had sworn revenge for it. The seeds for WW2 had been sown. Hitler later exploited this situation and imposed dictatorship in 1933 and began rearmament under the excuse that the allies had not reduced their armaments. This led to another arms race,violation of the treaty and eventually culminated in the southward world war. Other treaties treaty of st. ermain with austria on the model of treaty of versailles with excpetion of the reparation clause. treaty of neuilly with bulgaria treaty of tianon with hungary treaties of sevres and luasanne with defeated turkey to separate its constituents and reduce military capacity and pay reparation Fall of Ottoman empire Its wasteweir duri ng the war created many newly independent middle eastern nation states which were quickly taken over by britain france etc. Economic belief The end of the war also caused a temporary economic peach which soon popped and led to the great depression.